Sand mining, a critical industry in many regions, has taken a dangerous turn in some parts of Kigezi, as locals resort to mining sand from tunnels deep underground in their quest for survival. While the need for economic sustenance is understandable, the practice of tunnel sand mining comes with severe risks to both the environment and the miners themselves. Kigezi, known for its picturesque landscapes and fertile farmlands, has a significant demand for sand, which is a vital resource for construction and infrastructure development. Traditionally, sand was extracted from riverbeds and open-pit mines. However, as these sources became depleted, some locals turned to tunnel sand mining as an alternative. Tunnel sand mining involves digging underground tunnels to access sand deposits. While it may seem like a solution to the shortage of sand, this practice poses several hazards. Firstly, tunnel collapses are a constant threat, as the structures are not always stable. This puts
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